Waitemata Harbour, the Hauraki Gulf and Auckland's Island Character
Auckland sits on a narrow isthmus between two harbours — the Waitemata to the north opening to the Pacific and the Manukau to the south opening to the Tasman Sea — in a setting unique among major cities for the intimacy of its relationship with the open ocean on both sides. The Hauraki Gulf, immediately east of the city, contains over 50 islands, several of which have been cleared of introduced predators and restored as ecological sanctuaries supporting bird species extinct on the New Zealand mainland. Tiritiri Matangi Island, a two-hour ferry from the Viaduct Harbour, is the most accessible of these sanctuaries and allows visitors to walk among takahē, kÅkako, and little spotted kiwi in a restored forest that has been growing since the 1980s. Waiheke Island, the most populated island in the gulf and 35 minutes by ferry from the city, has developed a wine industry on its clay hills that is now internationally recognised, particularly for its Bordeaux-style red blends, and its combination of vineyards, beaches, olive groves, and arts community makes it the most popular day trip from Auckland by a significant margin. Rangitoto Island, the youngest and largest volcano in the Auckland volcanic field, erupted approximately 600 years ago and is still uninhabited, with lava field walks and summit views that make it one of the most distinctive geological experiences in New Zealand.