Architecture, Modernism and the Built Environment
Los Angeles has a modernist architectural heritage that is underappreciated even by its own residents. The Case Study Houses program of the 1940s and 1950s, which commissioned experimental residential designs from architects working with new materials and construction methods for a magazine program, produced a series of buildings scattered across the hillsides of Pacific Palisades and the Hollywood Hills that are among the most influential houses of the 20th century. Several are open for tours, and the combination of glass walls, flat roofs, and integration with the landscape represents a specifically Californian modernism that has been absorbed into the city's visual identity without always being credited. The Disney Concert Hall, designed by Frank Gehry and opened in 2003, anchors the Grand Avenue cultural district downtown with a stainless steel exterior that has become as recognisable a symbol of the city as the Hollywood Sign. The Los Angeles Conservancy runs walking tours of the downtown historic core, whose Beaux-Arts and Art Deco buildings from the 1920s and 1930s are the finest concentration of that period's commercial architecture in California. The Bradbury Building on Broadway, completed in 1893 with a skylit iron-and-glass interior that has appeared in dozens of film productions, remains one of the most remarkable interior spaces in the American West. The city's sprawl means that its architectural heritage is distributed rather than concentrated, but the reward for following it across the metropolitan area is a picture of cultural ambition that the city's film-centered reputation consistently overshadows. The ongoing development of the Grand Avenue cultural corridor downtown, anchored by the concert hall and the planned expansion of the adjacent county museum of art, represents the most deliberate attempt yet to create a concentrated cultural district in a city whose cultural life has historically been distributed across its vast geography rather than gathered in a single center.